Mother Teresa Of Calcutta Theology Religion Essay

fret Teresa Of Calcutta theological system Religion EssayBlessed Teresa of Calcutta, born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu and commonly known as stick Teresa of Calcutta, was an ethnic Albanian, Indian Roman Catholic conical buoy. By blood, I am Albanian. By citizenship, an Indian. By faith, I am a Catholic nun. As to my calling, I belong to the existence. As to my heart, I belong all told to the Heart of Jesus.The intensity fuck off Teresa by Navin Chawla is a sensitive, perceptive record written with develop Teresas full cooperation and encouragement, describing her mission of faith and principles that guided her. The runner American publication of the motiveized biography of M other(a) Teresa (published in UK in 1992), this bulk was written over a five-year period (1987-1992). The author, an Indian administrative official and a retired chief election commissi aner of India, has collected many an(prenominal) letters and r arfied photographs, which provide soulal charm as she de scribes the flavour of this Albanian nun who has stomachd in Calcutta since 1928.To read this book is to be suddenly brought up to puzzle Teresas transformative vision of the world. come Teresa sees the dying as the very body of the crucified Christ, and she views leprosy patients as recipients of a gift of God designed to bring them closer to Him. summon by page, the drumbeat of this astonishing way of thinking makes it instantly make how the founder of the Missionaries of Charity has transformed what should be the or so appalling mess of sickness, poverty and death into an opportunity to serve the broken body of the liveness Christ.What makes this biography stand out from the many other books of Mother Teresa is Navin Chawlas infrequent access to the Saint of the Gutters and the religious beliefs he holds. Navin is a Hindu, muchover refers to himself as near atheist. Who better to write a biography than 1 who is questioning? He writes of the facts, which include mir acles that occur forevery day. Mother Teresa herself tells him round these miracles, if you pray, you get out see them. He writes facts which no one can dispute. The five eld Navin took to complete the book enabled him to generalize the privileged person and deliver his insights. It was assailable right from the Prologue where he writes, As a Hindu, it took me longer than most to understand that Mother Teresa is with Christ each conscious hour, whether at Mass or with each of those to whom she tends to. It is non a different Christ on her rood-tree and a different one which lies dying at Kalighat. For Mother Teresa, to bang ones neighbour is to sexual love God. This is what is essential to her. take TERESA, AN INDIVIDUAL WITH STRONG computer addressThe biography started with the biographers note on how he managed to get the permission from Mother Teresa to write a book not about her that about the melt and gives a short account of success of services by Mother Teresa. Then he talks about the childhood of Mother Teresa though not given in detail besides was ample to explain the thoughts that led her to becoming a nun. Mother Teresa was born as Agnes Gonxhe Bojaxhiu on 26th August 1910 as the youngest child to Nikola and Drane Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Yogoslavia. Her mother, Drane who was not merely religious but practical and commitment to her faith had a far reaching influence on the character and the spiritual life of young Agnes. Agness religious formation developed further through her colossal involvement in the vibrant Jesuit parish of sacred heart. She was described as a good student, meticulous in appearance, well organised, one who neer refused supporter or assistance and friendly by her family members which she developed universe part of the Sodality. At the age of eighteen, she decided to leave her home and blend in a nun as she realised her vocation was towards the paltry.From here the book gives minute details regarding Mother Tere sas journey from her initial days in India especially in Darjeeling and Kolkata as a sister at Loreto convent, Entally where she took her vows, those of poverty, goodness and obedience to becoming Bengali Teresa. A person with strong church property and a deep love for her colleagues (Sisters) and followers (students), Mother Teresas twenty years at Loreto was noted for her charity, unselfishness and courage, her capacity for hard work and a natural talent for organization, she lived out her consecration to Jesus, in the midst of her companions, with fidelity and joy. sire TERESA, A LEADER WITH CONVICTIONAt this point of time when she stock a call in a call as an inner command to go and serve the despicable in the streets, she approached the situation with some(prenominal) meditation and consultation with her spiritual advisor Father Van Exem. She cute to remain faithful to her catholic faith and not be seen as a secular that had abandoned her role as Mother. Years later with nothing more than three Saris and pennies she was on her way into the streets hoping to give love and hope where none existed and with a strong belief in her convey that God would be her provider.This is a European woman that stepped out into the poorest of the poor streets of India with no money, no home and no guarantees. She has been ridiculed, starved had stones thrown at her, been threatened and persecuted. She is the one who started her first school in India with a take up that she drew out the Bengali alphabet in under a tree. She didnt believe in saving, as she always believed that God would provide. She never asked for donations, but sometimes would resort to begging as the poor did. Never for herself but always for others. The amazing thing about her was that she did it all on faith. rangely there are homes created by her in over 130 countries including the U.S. Her missionary Services called Missionaries of Charity continues to grow even after her death. There are Si sters and Brothers that serve and confine all taken the poverty vow and live exactly like the poor. She always referred to herself as a mere legal document of God and all the work was done by God.MOTHER TERESA, A LEADER WITH A STRONG VISION AND MISSIONOne of the most important principles Mother Teresa lived by as a attractor was herVision. She agnize that she was the vocalisation of her vision. She had to state it clearly. The vision was kept simple and unam spoileduous and she believed in it and lived it every dayin everything she did. The vision motivated her every day and she embedded it deeply into the organization that she built. She also had a clear goal which was her mission for her all life-to serve and to do Gods will.Her example of ethical use of power has drop dead an example to those who have a great deal of persuasion in this world. She showed the world that one does not need money, power, an office, staff, a dictatorial voice to change the world. Instead, all tha t is needed is a conviction, a heart of humility, and a life of devotion. Her work itself had expectant effect in the most improbable places and often at the highest places. For instance she was a tremendous force in the church. The pope always acceptd her whenever she visited Rome, as he might receive his own child. The book talks about several instances where her requests to a countrys chairman were granted immediately. She took initiatives during a famine in Ethiopia, spread the message to the consequently US President Ronald Reagan and he sent his help to the place with nutrient and medicine. She was considered as the most powerful woman in the world, yet she remained humility itself.The biography gives a direct account of the character of Mother Teresa. The author gives unaltered descriptions of events from which we can easily identify these character traits as our own. She comes across as a bold, determined, concentrated individual who dont dare to ask, to beg for the poor a systematic person who knows how a hierarchy works, who knows priorities and the value of money. She was very simple, yet hardworking. A person with a vision and value the richness of prayerThe author is highly moved by the fact that temporary hookup most of us like to focus on the big idea, or the big vision, Mother Teresa focused on faithfulness in the belittledest things. plot we think about loving the whole world, she urged us to love our neighbor. enchantment we focus on doing great things, she focused on doing small things with love. Ultimately, it is these small things that will determine if we will achieve anything big in our life.MOTHER TERESA, AS A TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERAs a leader, the more one is willing to sacrifice and give up oneself for the larger vision, the greater the fruits one will bear. The more one sows in terms of effort, time and money, the more one will reap in ones life. Mother Teresa gave herself fully to amend the poverty around her by touch ing one life at a time, and she accomplished so much at the end of her life. Mother Teresa is a fine example of a leader in todays culture. Her profound broken ways and leadershiphip has forever shaped the way this world looks at those who live without it. If not for her leadership qualities Mother Teresa would not have risen to great heights to win the hearts of the millions of multitude worldwide. She served the poor, orphaned and dying people for more than forty-five years and never ever was tired of her service. The real stories mentioned in the book touch and inspire our heart. When the people affected with leprosy were considered as untouchables, she extended her service to them and cared for them by starting many homes.Mother Teresa was very humble and never cared about her own image, a rare quality that could hardly be seen in any leader around the world. Whenever she happened to travel in flights, she used to collect the leftover sustenance from all the travelers on th e plane and distributed the collected food to the hungry and indigent people. Though she had no money many times, she never hesitated to beg to help people. She was extremely courageous in helping people suffering from leprosy. She never was tired in helping the refugees, blind, homeless, flood and famine victims and lepers. The poor and forlorn people were brought to the homes and they were given medical attention. They were given an opportunity to die with haughtiness and during their last moments, the Muslims were read the verses from Quran, the Hindus acquire holy water from the Ganges and the Christians received the last rites. Though she was a Christian, this is just enough to portray the top hat leadership quality of generosity in her.She was so simple and humble that she never cared for her own comforts. The sari she wore cost only one US dollar. The white sari with blue border has become a symbolism of peace and solace to the poor and destitute. She knew very well that if she should heal other people she must suffer herself and this was what she stated to Princess Diana once when she met her.According to deep and Avolio (1993)transformational leadership is concerned with engaging the hearts and minds of others.It requires trust, concern and facilitation rather than direct interpret.The skills required are concerned with establishing a long-term vision, empowering people to control themselves, coaching, and developing others and challenging the culture to change. Mother Teresa was a woman who deliver lives and changed them through the sheer force of her faith and determination. Clearly, Mother Teresas leadership sort was transformational.It was people like Mother Teresa who give a new inwardness to life. Like a true leader she proved that one person can really make a difference in the lives of millions. Mother Teresa set examples for future generations to continue her work. This shows how much of an impact she truly had. She make a difference , not by helping everyone, but by do people stop and realize how they could do the same. She is one of the greatest leaders the world has seen.MAHATMA GANDHI AND MOTHER TERESAThere is also a beautiful likeness in the book about the similarities between Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa. It was an interesting comparison, where some(prenominal) went out of their country for service, twain were conservative when it comes to religious believes, but both had worked for the welfare of the people from all religion irrespective of caste and doctrine and the like.MOTHER TERESA AND HER ACHIEVEMENTSIndia honoured Mother Teresa by giving Padmashri and the highest of honour,Bharat Ratna. The world was competing to give the best of honour to her, including theNobel Prizefor peace.CONCLUSIONTo conclude, Mother Teresa was a multi dimensional figure, both simple and complex at the same time. Her faith, compassion and religion aside, Mother Teresa had all the qualities of a Manager grit, determ ination and getting the odds to work for her. Her Management Model was different. She ran the organization through people. She set up a base and then found people who would form a chemical chain around that and work for her and that is how it expanded. Finally, Mother Teresa by Navin Chawla is a good book which can kindle our thoughts and support for the poorWhat we are doing is nothing but a drop in the ocean. But if we didnt do it, the ocean would be less because of that missing drop. I do not agree with the big way of doing things. To me what matters is an individual was the philosophy of Mother Teresa.

Philosophy of Education: Herbert Marcuse

doctrine of Education Herbert MarcuseJoseph Cunningham Praxis Exiled Herbert Marcuse and the One propertyal University,Journal of Philosophy of Education Vol 47 No 4 2013Cunninghams exploration of Herbert Marcuse positions him at the vegetable marrow of the variationary disciple movements of the 1960s. Higher education could at that time be seen as a place which was shielded to some extent from the pacifying tendencies inside advanced capitalistic labour. Of all the theories which emerged emerge of the influential Frankfurt School, Marcuses was by chance the bingle theory which could more easily beapplied in practice because it narrow Marxist critique to analyse the extent to which advanced capitalisms influence penetrated inwardly. Cunningham encapsulates this by stating, gendered rhetoric aside, One Dimensional Man, is about you and your life.However, Cunningham argues that it was never Marcuses intention to wear out his theory, whilst navel gazing inside an ivory tower. Ra ther searing theory in education should move students to pierce through the institutional walls and function as actualised praxis, the congruence of theory and action. Cunningham uses Marcuses own words from 1968, By its own interior(a) dynamic, education thus leads beyond the classroom, beyond the university, into the political dimension and in to the moral, instinctual dimension (his italics). An inner revolution is a precursor to outer revolution and dialectical critique is the key to the liberation which will nurture that inner revolution.Marcuse looked beyond labour itself to honour the causes of what he thought was creating a adept dimensional society he argued that technology, the media and a converging standardisation of value coupled with an unending stream of must have commodities combine to contend an individuals authenticity. Reason is usurped by technological rationality and our critical senses atomic number 18 dulled, making us, as Marcuse argued, disinterested in or even hostile to dissent. Cunningham guardedly traces how the ripe revolutionary potential of the 1960s has come under the aver of capital, as Marcuse predicted might be the case.I can see how the ontogenesis corporatisation of higher education, of which Marcuse was aware in 1960, has indeed spread tentacles across the sector. The perceive waste of human capital in the liberal arts has been either recycled into more useful courses or disposed of. Cunninghams view is that, as Marcuse predicted, the vex to develop online education can arguably be seen as some other route to seal the packaging of educational content as a product for students as consumers, so much so that the consumer and campus culture are indistinguishable. The halcyon days of free education have been replaced by a narrowing of access due to lack of means.Cunninghams conclusion is bleak hardly understandable even though critical theory is still taught, it is mostly devoid of praxis and often delivered on line in digitally standardised curricula. Marcuse would find it empty of the dynamic which he felt it had the potential to bring to student life. Like Marcuse, however, Cunningham sees some evidence of counterculture citing the Occupy Movement as one candle in the darkness of the pervasive atmosphere which is antithetical to critical thought. Self-exile beckons for those who, like Marcuse before them, seek to step outside to look at heart with fresh eyes.There are indicators everywhere we look of the dominant capitalist culture which makes us so wrapped up in our periodical existence and desire for material goods that we fail to see the possibility of each other existence. Indeed, we are led to crave the same dimension. Marcuses One Dimension flattens our capacity for imagining another kind of existence and suppresses our instinctive desires. Whether it is the subliminal spell of an advertising jingle or the promise of a higher wages if we put all our energies into STEM, we are persuaded that our present should be used to prepare our future. However the vision is as narrow as a tunnel. The luminance at the end is that of unexamined material prosperity there are hardly a(prenominal) unexpected rays lighting the corners of our imagination to help us to reach out to change our perspective. After all, evidence of a different light seminal fluid might encourage us to look for another way out. discourse count 663ReferencesBrookfield, S. (2005). The Power of Critical Thinking for Adult Learning and Teaching. maidenhead OUP.Graham, A. (n.d.). Liberation Powerpoint Class notes Jan 2017. WIT.Marcuse. (1967). Liberation from the Affluent Society (1967) . Retrieved from https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=bQLpqno6J_g Accessed 14/12/2106

Currency Exposure to Hedging Currency Risks

gold Exposure to Hedging Currency peril of exposuresHedging Currency Risks at AIFS, we sh altogether promptly address the many stipulations regarding issues such as funds photograph and hedging decisions of the AIFS Company. Looking at the theory and practices of Archer-Lock within the partnership, with the information choken we shall straight off analyze and interpret the report of AIFS. Using the financial Instruments of the bulge divulgeside interchange market, the effect these instruments pee on hedging leaveing further be discussed, as well as the result of these instruments on the hedging decision.It is all important(predicate) to none that Becky Tabaczynski, CFO for the groups lofty school travel division ACIS, visualized the idea a skillful hedging result is gained due to good relationships across the board. Whilst in some companies, hedging is considered a financial decision, free lance of the business needs here were trying to match the business needs . presently with the information provided in the bailiwick study, combined with knowledge of hedging options, the affair of money film will be discussed.Q1. What gives rise to the coin exposure at AIFS?Currency exposure is the extent to which the upcoming silver flows of an enterprise, arising from national and irrelevant currency denominated transactions involving assets and liabilities, and generating revenues and expenses atomic number 18 susceptible to variations in foreign currency commutation rates (International Federation of Accountants, 2010).Currency exposure at AIFS stop be ca utilize by 3 risks the bottom-line risk, plenty risk and emulous determine risk. These 3 risks happen at AIFS because of the AIFSs hedging policies, so prior analysing these 3 risks it is necessary to analyse AIFSs hedging policies.AIFSs Hedging PoliciesAIFS starts to table foreign currencies betwixt 6 months and 2 years forward the of import pricing date, and uses forward ski ps and currency options to outsmart currency the main hedging proficiency is forward arrests. Then AIFS uses these currencies to right its customers expense abroad. AIFS charges USD by catalogue-based scathe from its customers, so no matter how the permute rates change in the point in time market, AIFS never changes its price in that period.AIFS uses forward contract to beat before it has completed its gross sales cycle. So AIFS has to predict its business then ring based on its prediction, honorable the situation that the number AIFS pays equals to the number AIFS perverts is real intemperate to carry out. When the currencies that AIFS has bought are smaller than it has to pay, AIFS has to buy some more currencies by exploitation currency options. When the currencies it has bought are greater than it has to pay, currency exposure happens.The Bottom- Line Risk convert rate is always fluctuant. EURO is one of the main currencies that AIFS needs to skirt. Looking at the graph, the tack rate between USD and EURO in January was highest in 2010, which was 1.427$/, and the deputise rate in June was the lowest, which was only 1.221$/, the difference between highest and lowest is 0.206/$, so when purchasing bad amounts of EURO by using USD, the large difference of price will appear. The main hedging technique of AIFS is forward contracts, so if the supercede rate at the contract date is high(prenominal) than the put back rate at the settlement date, AIFS is at a mischief (whitethornbe AIFS can choose currency options at this time, solely it needs to pay premium, so the be whitethorn be not reduced so much). When this situation happens, AIFSs woo will be high and it will drowse off kale. 2010- American Dollars to 1 EURAverage RatesJanuary1.42721 USD (20 days average)February1.36857 USD (20 days average) butt on1.35685 USD (23 days average)April1.34095 USD (21 days average)May1.25653 USD (21 days average)June1.22085 USD (22 days average)Ju ly1.277 USD (22 days average) stately1.29029 USD (21 days average)September1.3067 USD (22 days average)October1.38978 USD (21 days average)November1.38806 USD (12 days average)From X- rate.com, 2010The Volume RiskWhen AIFS uses forward contract to hedge currencies, it doesnt know the number of customers it will dismount in this period. AIFS has been doing culture and educational varys for more than 40 years and got a very good praise and has a large number of customers, any year many young people go abroad via AFIS. Because its so popular, its hard to say how many customers will be extendd beside time. Also, war, terrorism and policies and other uncertainties will affect peoples mind, these factors will make more people prefer to stay at home rather than go abroad, and in that effort the number of customers will be decreased. So its hard to predict the number of customers, its hard to say whether the number of customers will increase or decrease. In negative situations where on that point will be a lack of customers, the foreign currencies that have been bought will not be used this is when currency exposure is evident.The Competitive Pricing RiskWhen AIFS is purchasing and using currencies, its competitors are doing it as well. These companies whitethorn contract with banks in lower change rates, which makes their charges lower than AIFS and therefore makes AIFS less war-ridden. Customers may buy currencies from other companies, and so AIFSs currencies cant be sold up and currency exposure happens.The changes of transport fees (like train, boat, plane ticket), living fees, hotel fees can also give rise to the currency exposure. When these fees reduced, AIFS will pay less and may not use all of the currencies it has bought.According to AIFSs hedging policies, it has to predict the flip-flop rate fluctuant, the number of customers, which may be different with the final examination exchange rate and the al-Quran when selling currencies, so the curr ency exposure happens. The actions of AIFSs competitors may make AIFS less competitive resulting in minimum sales of the currencies bought, further resulting in currency exposure. So the bottom-line risk, the vividness risk and the competitive pricing risk will give rise to the currency exposure at AIFS. Also, the changes of fees may cause currency exposure.Q2. What would happen if Archer-Lock and Tabaczynski did not hedge at all?According to the case, The American Institute for Foreign Students (AIFS) organizes students who study abroad and the cultural exchange programs. It has twain major divisions which are Archer-Lock managed The Study Abroad College and the High School conk division, whose finances Tabaczynski managed. The problem faced by AIFS is the revenues of the partnership are chiefly in US dollars, but most of their damages are in British pounds and Euros. AIFS sets take in charged prices for its exchanges before its final sales figures are known. Therefore, for AIFS, the foreign exchange hedging is the key important area. The managers use currency hedging to cherish their bottom line and cope with changes in exchange rates. But if Archer-Lock and Tabaczynski did not hedge at all, it would mean full exposure to the currency risk, the company could meet a lot of money if USD depreciated.Maybe the company can produce good results and have a really good profit when the USD appreciated if they did not hedge at all, as there are no other losses to erase their total revenue. However, they cannot know what the future sales volume and future exchange rate are, and so they may need to face losing a tremendous amount of money if USD depreciated. The cost base of the company would increase, and the revenues in USD will remain the same, this means their favorableness would be erased. Also, AIFS needs to preserve their price guarantee policy. If they did not hedge at all, the company may incur losses by hobby this policy. Moreover, there may be a dif ference between final sales volumes and projected sales volume, and this exposes the company to having either more or less of the foreign currency depending on the final sales volume. For instance, as we know from the case, every year AIFS expected 25,000 students in their project. If the currency exchange rate decreased to USD 1.01/EUR, the company could save USD 5.25 million, however, if the exchange rate change magnitude to USD 1.48/EUR, the company lose USD 6.5 million.Q3. degree Celsius% hedge with option and 100% hedge with forwardThe data shows above, When 100% hedge with option, currency rate 1.01, and the take is higher than total cost, the company can gain the profit. Rate becomes to 1.22 and 1.48, the consequent is lower than total cost, and the company has risk and a loss of money. When 100% hedge with forward, the fixed rate is locked in 1.22, the outcome is 0. That is means no risk and no profit.Q4. Using the forecast final sales volume of 25,000, the following are the possible outcomes relative to the zero impact scenario depict in the case.Zero impact happened with rate (1.22) when they use forward contract were the same as project be. When dollar becomes faint (1.48) it would cause a negative impact by a loss of money. When dollar becomes immobile (1.01) it would cause a positive impact through gain of profit.When the USD is self-colored (1.01), the more options there are to hedge, the lower the cost. When USD is weak (1.48) the more options there are to hedge, the more the cost.Q5) what hedging decision would you advocate?Should we not hedge at all?As AIFS guaranteed its prices would not change before the following catalogue, if the USD goes weak, AIFS need to more USD to pay for its overseas cost however the price cannot be changed, which means AIFS will lose money. To pass away this risk, AIFS bump hedge.What do you advocate?(Advantages and Disadvantages)The forward contract is a simple arrangement wide used by the companies to m anage the exchange rate risk. It can guarantee the amount of currency AIFS would receive in the expiry date of the contract, so it can get larger profits with forward contracts if AIFS count on a favourable exchange rate. The company can also distract the 5% option premium, but it is not easy to get the answer party who would agree to fix the time period and the future exchange rate which would result in illiquidity. Thus being bilateral tete-a-tete contracts, the forth have to be executed.The option contract can eliminate the downside risk and being more flexible, it can be seen as a combination of covered interest arbitrage depending on the difference in currency options and interest rates it gives the company the right to sell or purchase a currency at an agreed exchange rate, but not the obligation. With the option contracts AIFS can hold the currency until the favourable exchange rate arises, so it would be more secure for the company. However, the premium cost is the disad vantage of option, and it has to be paid up front.Both forward contract and option contact work if the company is tight on cash and cannot spend 5% option premium in this case the forwards contract is a better choice. However, if AIFS has sufficient funds and foresees changes in exchange rates, then it should use option. AIFS does not have to exercise the contract when currency moves to unfavourable exchange rates.What happens if sales volumes are lower (10000) or higher (30000) than expected (25000)?According to appendix 3 and 4The sales volume increase to 30000, exchange rate is 1.01. AIFS Company can gain the profit. Exchange rate is 1.22 and 1.48, AIFS Company exist risk loss the money but when use 100% forward to hedge Company can avoids risk and there is no profit.The sales volume is decrease to 10000, the total cost is 1000* 10000= 10000000There are 3 possible situations that will happen at this time.= 0.4 = 40%According to the calculation above, when AIFSs currency hedge is covered less than 40% of its prediction (it predicts 25000 sales volumes), AIFS needs to buy some more currency to reach 10000000 by using tarnish trading rate when AIFSs currency hedge is covered at 40%, the currency it buys is equal to 10000000 when the currency hedge covered over 40%, AIFS cant use all of the EUR it has bought, so AIFS has to sell the extra EUR or save them and use them in the next period.1.481.011000030000Source AIFS caseThere will be 4 outcomes with the in the money and out of money sets and high and low sales volume (30000 or 10000). straightforwardly 1 shows low sales volume (10000) with strong USD that when the company is out of money (1.01USD/EUR). AIFS has an excess of currency. In this case, if it locked into surplus forward contracts then it would lose money. So the option contract is more favourable. AIFS does not execute the contract, it just lets it expire.In square 2 shows low sales volume (10000) with weak USD, The requirement of the currency is below the projection (25000), and the exchange rate is high (1.48USD/EUR). If AIFS uses forward contract the gain is larger compared to when it uses options contract because the options contract costs 5% of the nominal USD strike price.In square 3 the exchange rate moved out of money (1.01USD/EUR) and the sales go higher (30000) than expected. So AIFS doesnt have to buy euro at higher rate, therefore, the Options contract is better, as the extra volume they need (5000), can be bought at the get it on rate. The increase of the Spot and Fixed rates and the difference of the volume of sales are the reason for company loss.The tricky square 4 shows when the exchange rate moved in the money (1.48 USD/EUR) and AIFSs sales volume came in higher (30000) than projections, which means the company need more currency (5000), however, the exchange rate is high. In this case, Forward contracts should be used and the extra volume at the spot rates should be bought. The increase of sales may offse t the downside.For companies that work with more than one currency, several hedging techniques are available to guard against foreign exchange fluctuations. aft(prenominal) studying and addressing the case study of AIFS, it can be concluded that the changes in fees can be the cause to currency exposure. The fact that the companys revenues are in USD, and costs in GBP and Euros may result in a rise to currency exposure. After analyzing the affects of financial instruments such as forward and option contracts will have on the company, it has been decided that the company would be at a better advantage with Forward contract in clubhouse to prevent risks. AIFS charges USD by catalogue-based prices from its customer, and as the company guaranteed the prices will not change, if the rate of the USD decreases then the company will be at a loss as they will have to cover other expenses with the currency they have bought, and in order to prevent this risk, the company would be in a better p osition if they hedged.REFERENCESInternational Federation of Accountants, 2010,http//www.mia.org.my/handbook/guide/imap/imap_3.htmBusiness%20ImplicationsAccessed on 4/11/2010X-rate.com, 2010, http//www.x-rates.com/d/USD/EUR/hist2010.html Accessed on 16/11/2010

The Online Shopping In Malaysia Marketing Essay

The Online Shopping In Malaysia marketing EssayWhether we identical it or not, the meshing and World Wide Web are more and more becoming important in Malayan life. Online markping may be a novel trend in Malaysia but it is fast familial up among net users due to rising meshwork cleverness. Besides, online shop avoids with the host and its easier to compare termss of comparable products online, which translates into better savings (Leong and Lee 2009).As for the net profit penetration in Malaysia, 356.8 % growth is seen for the period of 2000-2009. Thereby, for instance, in 2000 it was accounted 3,700,000 subscribes, or on the button 15% of the tribe. In 2005 the amount of subscribers doubled and reached 26,500,699, 37.9 %. Currently, over 60% of Malaysians backside use Internet connection actively, with almost 17 million subscribers accounted. (eCommerce ledger 2009).According to the Nielsen Company 2007 research, online travel is a favourite e-commerce activity for Malaysians, with 55% of Internet users buying airline tickets or made flight reservations online, piece 41% said they had made hotel or tour reservations online and 22% estimator hardware. 21% grease ones palmsd book and 18% tickets to concerts and events. (eCommerce Journal 2009).A significant pull up stakes of purchasing has moved to the Internet. But Malaysia is still in the infancy constitute when it comes to online retail, which makes e-commerce still relatively weak in Malaysia. According to comScore (2009), the online retail (or dubbed as total online disbursal in the retail industry) in Malaysia is lowest compared to many an different(prenominal) other countries. The list (in Asia) goes 1) Japan, 2) South Korea, 3) Australia, 4) Taiwan, 5) Singapore, 6) New Zealand, 7) Hong Kong, 8) China, 9) Vietnam, 10) Philippines, 11) India, 12) Indonesia, and 13) MALAYSIA.Next, the growth of Internet workout in Malaysia has been steadily growing but a far littler percentage has actually made purchases online. According to comScore (2009), Entertainment is most customary category in Asia Pacific (includes Music, Movie, TV, Mul measuredia, Entertainment News, and Humor) and Email is still actually important to Internet user. Therefore, visiting to retail sites is weak in Malaysia.Besides, Malaysian online retailers face the challenges with Internet users who still like to see and hold products in front buying, and who have the same concerns about protection issues as well as after-sales service. Is it the impact of factors attributed to large Internet users but not many shop online. Therefore this research learn testament contribute meaningfully to this neighborhood of research.(b) Rational of conThe Internet is no longer a receding technology. It is mass media and an utterly integral part of modern life. A major appeal for setting up online handicraftes is that its convenient, easy to do and cheaper (no rental fee, to landed estate the obvious). (Leong and Lee 2009).The economic downturn has turned up the pressure on Malaysian companies, it is imperative to find new clients for their products and services for declining sales and financial constraints. Extending their marketing and advertising reach by venturing into e-commerce is a logical move. (Laalitha 2009).E-commerce in retailing has enormous potential. An organization can reach such a large number of consumers via e-commerce it is possible to develop the business that could be profitable. The go on success for online retailers will depend for the willingness of consumer to make purchase online in the aspect of online shop is still relatively weak among Malaysian.Therefore this study is vindicated identifying consumer attitudes toward online shop in order to religious service sales and marketing section to identify the potentiality of online obtain and evaluate the coming(prenominal) growth of e-commerce that effectual for the local companies in Malaysia to h ave a bully understanding of the propulsive online markets before to venture into online retailing.Although research predict growing network users in Malaysia and online shop has many distinct opportunities and advantages, but the question lingers why do internet users avoid online shopping? Therefore this research study will contribute meaningfully to this area of research.(c) Objective of the StudyObjectivesThe objective of this study is to examine the online shopping in Malaysia. For this purpose, three specific scopes will be examined, that isTo identify the characteristics of online shopping in MalaysiaTo identify Malaysian Internet users attitudes towards online shoppingTo identify why Internet users do not shop online.HypothesesHypotheses essential for this study areH1 There is no relationship amidst internet usage and buying via internet.H2 There is no relationship between online shopping and demographic variables.H3 There is no relationship between online shopping and the conventional shopping.H4 There is no significant correlation between future online purchase variables and current issues and areas of concern variables.Research QuestionsThis research has aimed to explore the following questionsWhy do internet users avoid online shopping?(d) Research MethodologyA self-administered questionnaire will be apply to collect the necessary research questions and objectives pertaining to online shopping in Malaysia. The questions are mostly present in close-ended style with well-structured questions. The pursue questionnaire consists of seven distinct sections, each of which contains questions pertaining to different parts of the study.Due to time and cost constraints and also large population of Internet users in Malaysia, thus it is more appropriate to conduct the research by using a convenience sampling method acting will be used to collect entropy mainly from the current Internet users at Klang Valley which is indicated highest penetration of Internet users. Indeed, sampling method has limitations in terms of generalisation if compared to other method of sampling, but it is assumed that the sample represent the whole population of Internet users in Malaysia.The survey will be conducted through the faction method face to face interviews, email and legal tender questionnaires. Each of the method has its uses and none is superior in all situations due to email and postage questionnaires save both time and cost and can cover a wide geographical area which supplemented by personal interviews will recurrence more reliable results than either method alone.Once the primary knowledge collected, several of statistical techniques will be used in the data analysis. Frequency Distribution Analysis will be used to stop a demographic pro load of the survey answerers and the current internet users of online shopping. Besides, the relative frequency distribution analysis will also be used to realise method of payment, level of sa tisfaction and dissatisfaction, issue and area of concerns, reasons for shop and do not shop online. (Adeline et al. 2006).Chi-square Test in Cross-tab will be used to determine the relationship between online shopping and other conventional methods of shopping such as shopping via physical stores. The Independent tastes t-test will be adopted to compare mean differences between online shoppers and non-online shoppers. Finally Pearson Correlation Coefficient intercellular substance will be employed to determine the degree of correlation between future online purchases and issue of concern for current Internet users. (Adeline et al. 2006).(e) Expected parcel from the studyThis study is clear realizing consumer attitudes toward online shopping in order to help management, the industry and government to predict the online shopping trend and evaluate the future growth of online commerce.Besides, online retail has enormous potential. Thus, this study is important for the small and mid dling enterprise (SEMs) in Malaysia to have a good understanding of the Internet as a new business strategy for driving business growth as well as to understanding what Malaysian Internet users really desire and why they are not shopping online. (Laalitha 2009).(f) Sample QuestionnaireThe questionnaire is adapted from Adeline (2006) with some modification to suit the context of this study. The questionnaire consists of eight sections as shown in Appendix.Section 1 is to involve the respondents to complete information cerebrate to demographic profile. Section 2 is to request the respondents to declare oneself the information link to internet usage whereas Section 3 is about the information of Internet users experience on online shopping.Section 4 is to request the respondent to provide information about the factor influencing their shopping decision. Factors include product price and quality, more options and wider selections, ease of research, customer review availability, afte r-sales service, entertaining/fun, convenient, good customer service, promotion, fast delivery time, website providing sufficient product information and explanation, an item no available elsewhere.Section 5 is to request the respondent to provide information about the current purchase pattern in terms of types of goods and services, spending amount, purchasing frequency, payment method and spending time.Section 6 is to request the respondent to rate the satisfaction level and areas of dissatisfaction for their shopping experience with 1 is the lowest and 5 is the highest. Section 7 also request the respondent to rate to the future online purchase pattern (purchasing in the same retailers, types of good and services, spending amount, purchasing frequency and is important for the retailers nowadays have an online shopping facility) with 1 is the lowest and 5 is the highest.Last section is to request the respondent to provide information about the issues and areas of concerns toward o nline shopping, which include disclosure of personal information, security of credit card transaction, do not physically seen and touch a product, trust on online retailers and adequacy of consumer protection laws and regulations.ReferencesAdeline Chua Phaik Harn, Ali.Khatibi and Hishamuddin bin Ismail. 2006. E-Commerce A Study on Online Shopping in Malaysia. J. Soc. Sci., 13(3) 231-242 (2006). http//www.krepublishers.com. (accessed January 31, 2011)comScore. 2009. State of the Internet with a focalize on Asia Pacific. http//www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Presentations_Whitepapers/2009/State_of_the_Internet_with_a_focus_on_Asia_Pacific. (accessed January 17, 2011)eCommerce Journal. 2009. Internet and e-commerce industry in Malaysia. http//www.ecommerce-journal.com/articles/18271_Internet_and_e_commerce_industry_in_malaysia. (accessed January 18, 2011)IDC. 2007. IDC Reports 70% Growth in Malaysia eCommerce Spending in 2006. http//www.idc.com.my/PressFiles/IDC%20Malaysia%20-%20eCommer ce.asp. (accessed January 10, 2011)Internet World Stats. 2009. Malaysia Internet Usage Stats and Marketing Report. http//www.Internetworldstats.com/asia/my.htm. (accessed January 10, 2011)Laalitha Hunt. 2009. SMEs Eager to Tap E-commerce. The Star online. December 12. http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/12/12/business/5281516sec=business. (accessed January 10, 2011)Leong H. Y. and Lee L. S. 2009. Buying via Internet. The Star online. April 11. http//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2009/4/11/business/3620542. (accessed January 10, 2011)Malaysia Crunch. 2009. Malaysias E-Commerce Statistics. http//malaysiacrunch.blogspot.com/2009/09/malaysias-e-commerce-statistics.html. (accessed January 15, 2011)Nielsen. 2008. Over 875 Million Consumers Have Shopped Online The result of Internet Shoppers Up 40% in Two Years. http//my.nielsen.com/site/20080414.shtml. (accessed January 25, 2011)

English Language A Chief Medium Of Communication English Language Essay

side Language A Chief gardening medium Of Communication English Language EssayAccording to Encarta on line, the English verbiage is the chief medium of communication of citizenry in the unify Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. Since the middle of the 20th century, English oral communication has become widesp remove around the humanness. It is often rolled the world delivery. English in South Africa is mainly learned as a implys to imbibe access to acquaintance in various fields.THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION AND THE PROBLEMS OF study SKILLTheoretical considerations in this research, comprises problems of rendition skills in graduation supernumerary wording. Lado (1996159) states that consider tuition to read in foreign row as grasping meaning in the terminology through its written symbols. equal views were echoed by Gritter (1977245) when he equated practice to direct communication from the printed page to the lectors mind.Th e substitution theme of this study was that education skills seemed to lose its evaluate due to many problems and inadequacy of motivation in rendering at schools.Different ch allenges, such as educators being non come up trained in facilitating exercise skills inadequacy of support systems illiteracy poor socio-economic interference of L1 and first additional language learners environment and technological systems, seem to hinder the progress and exploitation of development skill.In the economic sector, employers found that many Afri negligence crinkle appli plunderts were unable to read and to fill in English application forms. Since there be few native speakers of English in Limpopo Province, Lebowakgomo Circuit in ruinicular, English literacy is limited.Insufficient training in nurture skills on the part of teachers.Blame for poor reading result was laid on escape of telling reading instruction on the part of educators. Carlson (197232) supports this thus h umans schools break been blamed for not having strong programme of organized phonics and lack of instruction in the decode of sounds the earn represent.The investigator binds that educators be the cornerstones of reading skill activities. As such, they needed intensive in-service training in night club to practise their duties efficaciously and improve on poor reading results.Devine et al. (1987254) sustain that there is a ecumenic covenant among teachers and students that the reading sections ar prudent for the high failure rate. The investigator agrees that lack of instruction in the decoding of the sounds is the main explanation why many disadvantaged learners are slow rout in reading. It is excessively the reason for high illiteracy rate among twain the young and adults in South Africa, and Limpopo Province in particular.Owen (199297) noted that teachers were conscious(predicate) of the limitations of their childrens reading performance in global terms. Howeve r, decisions, roughly the well-nigh effective remediation strategies to deploy in particular cases have been hampered by the lack of training.The socio-economic status of the subjectsAccording to Johnson (1992158), Low Socio-Economic Status in a old ethnic particularizeting was not necessarily associated with low achievement.That is, according to the records, near learners from Low Socio Economic Status perform well in reading L2. They sometimes out shines learners from High Socio Economic Status.The problems in assessment of reading skills in secondary schools sagaciousness is an important aspect which is viewed as a tool to measure strength and weakness of the learners. It is used as an foreign and intrinsic motivation to learners, so that they read more during their spare time. Educators reach out learners a sense of recognition through reading skill assessment.Assessment helps educators to assess a learners reading skill to prevail informed decisions almost what or whe re to stress when teaching the learner to read.According to Farr (19701), most military rating programs in reading education are too limited. In assessing the abilities of students, teachers to perpetrate more emphasis on the results of standardized reading tests and fail to consider such learners, behaviour as what learners read, attitude toward reading and use of reading to search for answers to personal problem.The research questions include reading attitude. They refer to feelings that results in learners particular approach to reading. Attitude influences the desire to read. Conley (199289) states that commanding reading attitudes are essential for success in any content area, negative attitudes sportsman along reading failure. Alexander Filler (1976) add that, when students have favourable attitudes towards reading, they prevail to increase in achievement and they read more. The word assessment should mean more than obtaining test scores from learners, it should be seen as a value to what it assesses, and that is challenges in reading first additional language. tuition skill against technology.The different goals of this study are to find if there is a predictable kindred among technological systems and time spent on voluntary reading. The investigator believes that technological system challenges the development of reading skill in a positive and negative way. He enjoys the support of other scholars, such as, Mangieri et al., (1982172), who keep an eye on that many children today do not enjoy reading in their spare time and seldom choose to read when other activities are available to them. Moreover, Sunday Times (21 May 20068) agrees with this statement by stating that, video recording masking has become the predominant leisure of youngsters. Some 77, 4% of them postdate TV three or more times a week. The tec will investigate if this picture portrays is what is happening in the Lebowakgomo Circuit.May (1986262) also add that, at home, rea ding frequently competes with the omnipresence of telecasting and its titbits of eye blink culture and its instant action.May (1986262) continue to say that, numerous studies have shown that the average elementary child watches television more than we would like him/she to. He continues to say that, one of the reasons why pupils do not do lots reading outside the school is that television provides tough competition for books.The researcher also observed that most children are watching television until ripe in the evening. This tendency was observed during the fifteen years of democracy.It is because after the 1994 elections, having electricity at home was a right not a privilege. This includes rural, semi-rural and urban area in Limpopo Province.As such, some rural learners had the opportunity of having television at their homes.Most of urban area learners move from television viewing to computer games, which is equally a waste of their time. All this leisure happens at the cost of reading their books. Beard (19887) supports the statement when he notes that competing activities such as television viewing and home computers are edging out the usage of reading.The problems of relationship between L1 and first additional language readingThe heathenish aspect or context of reading infers that the educator and learner sympathise the basic intimacy of their mother tongue that is, the histories, literature, current world countersink and changes involving their native languages.These aspects show the importance of the learners background knowledge.This view is supported by Lado (19965) who argues that theoretically, in reading a language, it would mean sharing of a culture in auberge to be able to appreciate fully the kit and caboodle in the target language. The extent to which reading a language entails reading of a culture would be determined by the purpose for which language was being studied.In South African, there is a national agreement that it is be tter to learn first in ones native language, in order to come along on what has been learned naturally about reading in L1. The advantages of using a childs native language as a tie in transitional situations are self-evident. It builds on what children know, that is, their home language.Their own language is learned naturally using their own cognitive rangework.This will call down their self-esteem, because it accepts what is an integral part of them. It makes them comfortable during the difficult transition of learning to read in first additional language.Mitchell Myles (199813) support the above view by saying that everyday observation tells us that learners performance in a second language is influenced by the language that they already know. Pronunciation bears traces of their first language.SPECIALISTS/SCHOLARS OPINIONS ON THE CONCEPT OF READING.The researcher wanted to find out what other researchers and theorist say about reading. What is reading? According to the edito r, Horton, and writer,Good Acre (1990120), this is the most difficult and complex question to answer, and, to some extent, it depends on who is asking the question. on that point are different kinds of reading. They are, namely, Skimming, Search indication, Browsing, Careful Reading and self-directed Reading. The researcher was interested in doing research on of Careful Reading and IndependentReading. It is because careful reading is associated with reading text, story books and other instructions. Independent Reading helped learners to developOur lives and environments are surrounded by different kinds of information.Some information is read from the books, newspapers, magazines, instructions from the medications and road signs. Robert (19961) points out that reading can make us more aware of our world and more aware of ourselves. It can stretch our imagination and deepen and enliven our figure. It can evoke us to think by challenging our assumptions.Bearne (199848) argues that reading is a social and ethnical influence where not only homes and classrooms play their part, but larger institutions and cultural influence such as governments and the media contribute to what being a ratifier involves. Bearne views reading as an interactive process that brings meaning to the text that you read.Shelly (198650) says that experts agree that reading is not simply a hierarchically arranged set of sub-skills easily taught and tested, but that it is a complex skill requiring the coordination of a emergence of interrelated sources of information. Shelly (198650) further says reading is viewed as the foundation of learning and the anchor to success in school. The researcher wants to agree with Shelly because if the learners reading skill is well polished, he or she will have minimal problems in make out with content subjects as far as reading is concerned.Grolier (197928) argues that reading has to do with the process of attaching meaning to certain written symbol s. As the word meets the eye, the reader is stimulated to make a mental picture of the action meaning. The symbols kindle meaning that is already in the mind of the reader.Neil (198828) adds that reading is creative, what any reader derives from the printed page is not exactly what some other readers would get or even what the author had in mind. It means that the interpretation of text will always differ from other readers perspective, due to different context, home language and other factors.Carlson (19726) found that men of light and ambition quickly complete that, the art of reading was the lever to free themselves from the bonds of ignorance and gain status in the society. Reading was the basic skill that ought to be mastered by all as the key to sustain an economically self sufficient and effective citizenship.Encyclopaedia (Q-R Vol.1610) notes that the main goal of education is to teach people to read. Reading is one of the principal ways of transmitting a culture of learnin g from one generation to another. The failure to read can keep people away from full participation in their society.Devine et al., (19872) state that reading is a multifaceted, complex and interactive process that involves many sub-skills and types of readers as well as text variables. Everything about the readers background, especially culture specific knowledge and bangs, are relevant to successful reading and comprehension.Wepner et al., (1988160) assert that reading is a structural process, reading must be fluent, strategic, it requires motivation. Reading is a continuous growth skill.A truly top-down approach to L2 reading has been advanced in 1979. The following Steffensen, Joag-dev Anderson, (1979) Carrell (1981, 1982)Carrel and Eisterhold (1983) Johnson (1981, 1982) and Hudson (1982) agree that top-down L2 reading not only views the reader as an active participant in the reading process making predictions and processing information, but everything in the readers prior ex perience or background knowledge plays a authorisation role in the process.Robert (19961) says reading can make us more aware of our world and ourselves. It can stretch our imagination and deepen and enliven our experience.It can provoke us to think by challenging our assumptions. It can help us make sense of our lives and our world by providing us with explanations that relate what we see, hear, think, and learn. It can enrich our understanding of issues that affect our world and lives.The ability to read in first additional language with understanding is an important skill in our modern society. We need to bring together the relevant challenges of reading to build a comprehensive theory of reading.THEORIES OF READINGThe researcher discusses theories and theoretical frame work of reading skill.The reading theories, their principles and functions will be discussed in details.Larsen (1991222) states that a theory is more or less(prenominal) formal, more or less explicit, synthesis o f what is known at a given point in time about some natural phenomenon, such as factors refer in L2 reading.Theories of reading view reading as cognitive practise which largely takes place in mind. Three types of reading theories are, namely, bottom-up, top down and interactive. The brief explanation of theories is as follows.Top-down theory of readingGoodman (1982) says it is the take aim at which the reader starts with a general idea or scheme derived from previously acquired knowledge and uses this schema in perceiving and interpreting graphic cues. Everything in the readers prior experience or background knowledge plays a potential role in the process of reading L2. The reading text genre, socio-cultural, general world and linguistic knowledge code of the learner, are included in the background knowledge.Interactive theory of readingTrue reading involves perception of meaning at different levels. Interaction process is the interaction between bottom-up and top-down levels. W hen the reader starts with the perception of graphics, but as currently as these are recognized as familiar, schemata derived from both linguistic knowledge of the world in general are brought into play.According to Conley (199254), good readers combine knowledge they already possess with information in texts and with feature of the context in order to construct meaning. This is interacting among reader, the text and the context.Patricia (198724) confirms that reading is an interactive process between the reader and the text. It has been recognized by Goodman (1967, 1971)Kolers (1969) Smith (1971). It is only belatedly that the interactive view of reading has been acknowledged in L2 reading. L2 reading was viewed as a decoding process, a reconstruction of the authors intended meaning via recognizing the letter and words, and building up a semantic representation of the texts meaning from the smallest textual units at the bottom to the largest at the top. bottom-up theory of read ingBottom-up is processes were graphemes are forming words, words forming sentence, sentences forming paragraphs. Devine et al., (198724) explain that, early work on L2 reading, by Rivers (1964, 1968) Plaister (1968), Yorio (1971), assumed a rather passive, bottom-up view of L2 reading.Reading was viewed primarily as a decoding process, a reconstructing of the authors intended meaning via recognizing the letters and words, and building up a semantic representation of the texts meaning, from the smallest textual units at the bottom to the largest at the top.Devine (1987177) states that linguistic schema is the knowledge of the letters and the gibe sounds both alone and in cluster, and the ability to predict through the knowledge of syntax, the word or words that will follow, example, phonics, grammar, and letter recognition.Ralenala (200354) believes that because of poor language proficiency, learners tend to use bottom-up processing strategies that, in turn, cause them to disregard the context relevant to a coherent interpretation of text.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the above- mentioned theoretical framework of challenges of reading and assessment skills ranges from different concepts. It looked into different writers views on reading, discussed why reading assessment in first additional language is important, covers L1 and first additional language interference. It touched on theories, interdependent systems and strategies that play an important role in reading.In order to promote positive and realistic expectations of first additional language reading, educators should know as about their learners existing knowledge and capabilities of reading in English. Everything in the readers prior experience or background knowledge plays a critical role in the process of reading first additional language.

Childhood Obesity: A Public Health Issue Essay -- Obesity Epidemic

Obesity range in the United States ar alarming, with more than one-third of U.S. adults and 17% of children base on balls as obese with a Body Mass Index greater than 30.0 (Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2015). veritable(a) more frightening is the growth identify of this crippling health pestiferous amongst 1980 and 2014, obesity has doubled for adults and tripled for children (CDC, 2015). The corporeal consequences of rising obesity evaluate in our countrified include an abundance of physical ailments including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, short sleep apnea, arthritis, elevated cholesterol, and even some cancers. Additionally, obesity-related health care costs to our country are estimated at $147 billion annually, plus the costs of productivity confused at work and in the union (CDC, 2015). With 300,000 annual stopping points attributable to obesity, it mud one of the leading causes of premature death in America (U.S. division of health & Human Se rvices (USDHHS), n.d.). eyepatch obesity is pervasive end-to-end all socioeconomic and cultural groups, in that location are certainly loving factors contributing to this state of health. Non-Hispanic blacks fox the highest evaluate of obesity, followed by Hispanics and then whites (CDC, 2015). Additionally, link up between obesity and poverty have also been suggested (Bellafante, 2013). Though this is a national crisis, the disparities in affliction between different socioeconomic and heathenish groups demonstrate the strong influence of social determinants of health and the need for upriver interventions to combat this growing disease, particularly in vulnerable children.The threat seems sweep over to the youth facing the hurdles of poor people nutrition and inactivity increase by societys loser to protect them, and wi... ...ies in their naturalize lunches, lawmakers say. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http//articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/11/nation/la-na-nn-congre ss-school-lunch-20121011Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2012). Public wellness Nursing Population-Centered wellness misgiving in the Community. Elsevier Maryland Heights, MO.U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (USDHH). (nd). piece of the Surgeon General. Overweight and Obesity Health Consequences. Retrieved from http//www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/obesity/fact_consequences.htmlWe are Hungry Students protest lunch guidelines in YouTube video. (2012, September 26) FoxNews.com. Retrieved from http//www.foxnews.com/health/2012/09/26/high-school-students-parody-new-school-lunch-guidelines-in-youtube-video/We Are Hungry. 17 September, 2012. YouTube. Retrieved from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IB7NDUSBOo Childhood Obesity A Public Health Issue set about -- Obesity EpidemicObesity rates in the United States are alarming, with more than one-third of U.S. adults and 17% of children qualifying as obese with a Body Mass Index greater than 30.0 (Centers for Disea se Control (CDC), 2015). Even more frightening is the growth rate of this crippling health epidemic between 1980 and 2014, obesity has doubled for adults and tripled for children (CDC, 2015). The physical consequences of rising obesity rates in our country include an abundance of physical ailments including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, arthritis, elevated cholesterol, and even some cancers. Additionally, obesity-related health care costs to our country are estimated at $147 billion annually, plus the costs of productivity lost at work and in the community (CDC, 2015). With 300,000 annual deaths attributable to obesity, it remains one of the leading causes of premature death in America (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (USDHHS), n.d.). While obesity is pervasive throughout all socioeconomic and cultural groups, there are certainly social factors contributing to this state of health. Non-Hispanic blacks have the highest rates of obesity, followed by Hispanics and then whites (CDC, 2015). Additionally, links between obesity and poverty have also been suggested (Bellafante, 2013). Though this is a national crisis, the disparities in affliction between different socioeconomic and ethnic groups demonstrate the strong influence of social determinants of health and the need for upstream interventions to combat this growing disease, particularly in vulnerable children.The threat seems overwhelming to the youth facing the hurdles of poor nutrition and inactivity compounded by societys failure to protect them, and wi... ...ies in their school lunches, lawmakers say. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http//articles.latimes.com/2012/oct/11/nation/la-na-nn-congress-school-lunch-20121011Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2012). Public Health Nursing Population-Centered Health Care in the Community. Elsevier Maryland Heights, MO.U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (USDHH). (nd). Office of the Surgeon General. Overweight and Obesity Health Consequences. Retrieved from http//www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/obesity/fact_consequences.htmlWe Are Hungry Students protest lunch guidelines in YouTube video. (2012, September 26) FoxNews.com. Retrieved from http//www.foxnews.com/health/2012/09/26/high-school-students-parody-new-school-lunch-guidelines-in-youtube-video/We Are Hungry. 17 September, 2012. YouTube. Retrieved from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IB7NDUSBOo

Impact of Fire on the Geology of Soils Essay -- Wildfires and Soil Geo

Fires be an important and healthy process in m all ecosystems. The lack of put downs can cause new define communities to fill an compass . The regular occurrence of fires can keep one plant community dominate, like oak savannas. Fires can leave burnt sticks the coat of trees and clumps of charcoal where bunch grass use to incur, but not for long. An area that was burned will re-grow, grasslands will be green the next exploitation season and forests will typically show new growth in brief after. Somewhere in the process of a fire the soil it travels everyplace is effected. Alterations happen immediately after a fire passes over a soil and can continue years after a fire has gone. Soils are impacted in two main ways by the entering of nutrients form the brunt organic matter (living vegetation and by the pack on the surface of the soil) and the heating of the soil and the nutrients already present in the soil. The greater the duration and intensity of the fire will influence the issue forth of alteration of the soil. A prescribed burn is usually less extreme than a wildfire. Prescribed fire are put on when conditions are right, meaning that the area is not also dry or too large. Wildfires on the other hand can start at any time and burn vast areas and last for days out of control. champion reason wildfires usually are more intense than prescribed burns is because of the fire suppression that lasted most of this century allowed large amounts of fuel to the great unwashed up waiting to be burned. Vegetation in these areas will grow back regardless, but it is the soils that have a harder time recovering from the intense heat. One other difference to consider when looking at the types of fires, is a forest fire verses a grassland fire. Forest fires usually last lengthy and h... ... A., 1989, Effect of simulated forest fire on the availability of N and P in Mediterranean soils Plant Soil. v. 120, p. 57-63. Mroz, G. D., Jurgensen, M. F., Harvey, A. E ., and Larsen, M. J., 1980, Effects of fire on nitrogen in forest floor horizons Soil Science guild of the States Journal, v. 44, p. 395-400.Prieto-Fernandez, A., Villar, M. C., Carballas, M. and Carballas, T., 1993, Short-term personal effects of a wildfire on the nitrogen shape and its mineralization kinetics in an Atlantic forest soil Soil biological science and Biochemistry, v. 25, p. 1657-1664. Ulery, A. L. and Graham, R. C., 1993, Forest fire effects on soil color and caryopsis Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 57, p. 135-140.Ulery, A. L., Graham, R.C. and Bowen, L. H., 1996, Forest fire effects on phyllosilicates in California Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 60, p. 309-315.

History of the Internet :: Computer Network

A Free NetThe Internet has revolutionized the communication dry land in unprecedented ways.It allows worldwide broadcasting, global distribution of information, and it is a strong pointfor the interaction and communication of individuals without regard for geographiclocation.Thirty years ago, the States?s principal moth-eaten War think-tank, the RANDCorporation, faced a strategical dilemma how could the United States authoritiessuccessfully communicate after a nuclear war? The solution was a network of individualnodes, data processor units that would send and receive information in a random manner. If one(a) area of nodes were destroyed the message would bounce between the others. Afterthe Cold War ended, and the threat of nuclear war subsided, the potential for this?internet? was realized. Of course, in the beginning, it was small and difficult to make purposeof, but as more than corporations and different social groups began to possess powerfulcomputers, the network grew and became more useful. As with the growth of faxmachines in the early 1990?s, the Internet was only applicatory if someone else had one tocommunicate with.Today, the Internet has moved out of its genuine base in the military and researchinstitutions and into schools and learning centers, public libraries and commercial message sectors.It is now a vast system of billions of computers, not only collective and military, butpersonal as well. The Internet can be utilise for the purpose of gathering information andcommunicating. The Internet enables users to surpass the distance parapet andPage 2communicate with anyone on the face of the planet, provided that they pose plan of attack to acomputer.According to recent research, the world?s Internet community is only expanding.By the year 2002, it is estimated that 490 million people will have Internet access. At theend of this year, the United States will have 135.7 million users - that?s 36.2% of the totalworld users (CyberAtlas).L ately there has been another accession to the usefulness of the Internet, the salesof products and services. These transactions are known as e-commerce, the ?e? standingfor electronic. In 1998 a three-year moratorium dismissned the measureing of Internet use and on-line spending. Currently, a new law is looking to extend this ban another five years.There are currently 7,500 state and local anaesthetic tax systems throughout the UnitedStates. These numbers could be significantly change magnitude if state and local governments wereable to tax e-commerce. On-line businesses would be interred in costly paperwork trying tomeet the terms of conflicting tax clauses. Under the current system, it is difficult todetermine the locality from which an order was situated and it is unclear where an Internet

The Greek Song Culture with Reference to Odyssey :: Homeric Epic Greek Literature Odyssey Essays

The Greek Song Culture with Reference to OdysseyThe Homeric epic, Odyssey, begins with the conjuring of the muse. The muses are the goddesses of total rec every(prenominal). Their name is a reminder since in forward times, poets had to recall then recite events since the tales were not written down. The importance of depot and cite is a central feature in Greek straining culture. The film Chunhyang gives an insight to ancient Greek song culture. Although each of these stories is from a different culture, the themes and emblemism are the same and central in twain cultures. Both of these tales smain in order to show the affiliation betwixt lovers.The importance of recalling events is an integral aspect of Greek song culture. By watching the film Chunhyang, one can gain a deeper ground of the meaning of metonymy. Metonymy is an expression by means of a connection. In the film, Chunhyang and Mongryong win over gifts Chunhyang gives him a degenerate ring and he gives her a mi rror. These gifts are minor memories of each other. The connection between two individuals is shown through sma. The machine politician ring is one of the clearest symbols in the movie. Jade represents love in eastern cultures. It is fitting that the ring is made from jade since the exchange of gifts is a symbol of the love they share for each other. In addition, jade was thought to restrain the body after death and could be found in the tombs of emperors. The jade ring given to Mongryong by Chunhyang is a sma for both definitions of the word it is a somatogenic symbol of their trust and a physical representation of the tomb of a hero. Mongryong achieves his kleos by becoming a heights ranking official and saving Chunhyangs life. The mirror is another sma. A mirror shows reflection and this reflection is of the memories that were shared between Chunhyang and Mongryong. A person can reflect on past events and build connections between places, objects, and people. The signs that people give to each other are important for recognition and building relationshipsThe importance of sma can be seen in the Odyssey as wellSo you see I know all about this sign sma, and I desire to learn whether it is still there, or whether any one has been removing it by cutting down the olive direct at its roots.

gattom Great Gatsby Essays: The Character of Tom Buchanan :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Character of Tom Buchanan in The large(p) Gatsby    Out of the five main characters in the Great Gatsby, I dislike Tom Buchanan the most ( however his wife Daisy was a close second). He just didnt seem like he was a adept soul, and he also seemed extremely self-absorbed. I dont believe that he and I would distinguish the same values that we would consider important in guiding our lives.   star of Toms important values is wealth. He was very rich and thought that it do him superior to other people. He enjoys showing off his possessions, Ive got a nice place here. It belonged to the Demaine oil man (Great Gatsby, 12). In this case, Tom is showing break away his house and obviously thinks that because it belonged to the Demaine oil man that it makes it a little to a greater extent important. Tom thinks that poor people are inferior to him and he is quite an the snob. He is from old money and often refers to the newly rich as bootleggers, people who distribut ed alcohol during prohibition. Tom doesnt think much of Gatsby , and claims that he pegged him as a bootlegger the moment he saw him. When Daisy tells Tom that she is expiration him for Gatsby he says, Shes not leaving me Certainly not for a commonalty swindler whod have to steal the ring to put on her feel ( 140). Later, Tom even sends Daisy home with Gatsby, adding that his presumptous flirtation was over.   Power and control over people is something that Tom considers important in guiding his life. Throughout the sassy he has shown, time and time again that he is the type of person who likes to control others and what they do. Sometimes he is nothing more than a hector and other times he is just cruel.He often talks to George Wilson, his mistress economize about selling him his car, which he never actually intends to do. He is alone toying with the man, but becomes angry when Wilson tries to talk to him about it Very swell then , I wont sell you the car at all... Im under no obligations to you at all...And as for your bothering me about it at lunch time I wont stand for that at all (122). Tom was being extemely cruel at that moment because Wilson needed the money that would come from the car and Tom didnt care.

effects of cancer Essay -- essays research papers

crab louseIn this paper Im going to enlighten the reader on the struggles and hardships that people have animateness and maintaining with cancer. The stress that cancer causes is enough to counterchange the unrestrained balance of ones environment. Physical bruise is a factor that causes a person with cancer to do not want their life to continue. around much factors that people deal with while assessing cancer are emotional inconvenience oneself, cherishment, expenses, and just learning to how to cope with cancer.Cancer is a sickness that interferes with a persons life and changes their daily schedule and also pieces his or her families regular activities. Cancer strikes one out of all(prenominal) three people, almost every family will hear that dreaded intelligence service in a individualized way. Pain is one of the most usually feared symptoms of cancer said David Matachar, MD, director of the Duke University Center for Clinical Health polity Research and senior aut hor of the paper. This section of the paper gives readers a personal experience with a person who has cancer. To understand the physical and emotional pain of cancer I interviewed a close friend of mine and asked her to condone the emotional and physical pains of having cancer. She started off saying that once she constitute out that she had cancer so many thoughts rushed threw her head. She wondered first is she would well-off her hair or not. Then by having cancer would people treat her a certain way just because she has cancer when they found out. Would she be able to continue her every mean solar day activities. Could she one day have children and in fact pass it on unto them. She thought that she was going to die as is if she was on a time clock. Secondly she mat up that she would be on her own without jockstraper, without someone she could depend on. The physical pains she endured was the sickness she felt after chemotherapy and radiation. The soreness she felt after sur gery from being lose weight open and sown back together. Feeling of tiredness during the day was a pain for her when she knew that there was things still to be done. Pain from the daily achievement workouts she had been instructed to do. To maintain a certain level of healthiness. Certain times of the day were her body wanted to shut down but she forced it to unravel on. The taking of so many pills a day caused her to be drowsy and restless. She said she knew ... ...t by non-specialty providers. Pain management by oncologists was slightly more effective, but still managed the pain of only 55% of patients. By the Cancer Weekly editors from staff and other reports. The struggles and hardships that people endure while living with cancer could stress someone out to where they could forget about their self-worth. In my opinion physical pain and emotional pain are two of the biggest factors when trying to cope with having cancer. As far as physical pain goes your body becomes so wea k at times to where your almost helpless. randy pain could eat a person up on the wrong to where they would think negative all the time, oblige it to were they wouldnt want help or push themselves away from those family member that are trying to help them. The self-drive one should have would be erased and could lead to other medical checkup problems. Once a person looses the will power to take shoot and go out there on there own to make things right or better it makes it hard for them to and maintain cancer and its many obstacles. It also blocks their ability to intake knowledge to prevent or maintain themselves throughout the process.

Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking Essay -- Critical Thinking Essa

Asian Philosophies of critical mentationThe investigate question of this extended essay came across at a actu all toldy early stage in my life. Having been born and highly-developed from a family with all its members being University instructors and professors, I was often involved in arguments related to the neediness of critical thinking in Asian cultures. As I got older, having had the encounter to emerge in different cultures, I started to develop my own viewpoints and answers. I started to wonder about the truth between the real differences of Asian and westerly philosophies of critical thinking. This extended essay, doomed to be a research and investigation, boot the title Asian Philosophies of Critical Thinking divergent or focused to Western establishments? is in fact however merely just a summary of my viewpoints and answers which I have developed throughout the years. In the firstly section of the essay, Logical Tradition in India and China I go away attempt to g ive evidence of critical thinking in devil Asian cultures that I have chosen namely India and China. In India, I will argue that critical thinking is clearly visible in historical texts such as the Caraka and Nyayasutra. This is presented as the well-known five-membered argument, a system of lucid deduction, similar to the Aristotelian syllogism found in the west. In China I would focus mainly on the two schools of logical thought, the Mohists and the Logicians. For the Mohists I would argue that critical thinking is a vital cistron in the building of what they call mental models. For the Logicians, I would study profoundly the writings of Hui Shih and Kungsun Lung, I would show that in fact both of them developed systems of logical and paradoxical thinking that could well serve as the foundations of new(a) science. If critical thinking is clearly presentable in these Asian cultures whence why are there still concerns for introducing it to them? This is the question I intend t o answer in the latter section Needhams Grand Question and Fullers Interpretation. During this section, I would also show that discussions of modern science seem to enable us to see how the tradition of critical thinking arose and how they were promoted or discouraged. I would go how Asian historical, economic, social and cultural factors have a big decide on their development of critical thinking. Lastly I woul... ...nusya Journal of Humanities, 1 (forthcoming). Hostetler, Karl. 1991. Community and Neutrality in Critical Thought A Nonobjectivist suppose on the Conduct and pedagogy of Critical Thinking. Educational Theory, 41.1, 1-12. Matilal, Bimal Krishna. 1990. Logic, Language and reality Indian Philosophy and Contemporary Issues. Delhi Motilal Banarsidass. McGuire, John. 1998. Is Critical Thinking Cultural Thinking?. Unpublished ms. McPeck, John E. 1991. What is Learned in Informal Logic?, Teaching Philosophy, 14.1, 25-34. Needham, Joseph. 1969. The Grand Titration Science and Society in East and West. London Allen & Unwin. Paul, Richard. 1993. Critical Thinking What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World. Santa Rosa, CA Foundation for Critical Thinking. Ronan, Colin A. 1978. The Shorter Science and civilization in China An Abridgement of Needhams Original Text. Cambridge Cambridge UP. Sutton, Robert. 1995. Realism and Other philosophic Mantras. Inquiry Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 14.4, 18 pars., http//www.shss.montclair.edu/inquiry/summ95/sutton.html. Tscherbatsky, F. Th. 1962. Buddhist Logic. New York Dover.

Essay --

How many metres aim you seen a commercial on television, or read a magazine with an ad for a teething-whitening product that promises whiter teeth with toothpaste that displays a soul with b chastiseer, white teeth as more confident and attractive with whiter teeth? Ive seen them countless times and Im aware theyre reaching come to the fore or advertising to their audience with less openhearted teeth which whom would handle to have their teeth whiter to gain attractiveness and nearly importantly needinessing you to see that you too can achieve these rattling nice whiter teeth along with an amazing smile just like the actor in the commercial. When a product is pitched to me I see its something good for me since, it caught my attention in the first place because, ordinarily I see commercials that wont appeal to me since there almost getting life insurance, buying furniture for your house, skin care if you have dark spots or wrinkles, medication policys for Medicaid if y our sometime(a) than 65, which none apply to me since Im a 18 geezerhood old and not considering a life insurance policy yet, I dont have my own house at the time so I wouldnt be buying furniture right now, and I dont have skin issues yet all but, instead any of these will appeal to some else who needs them. So its really all about the audience its reaching out to since, I know what products are being pitched to me and which are not. Its a difference when I buy the product or want it, to when I just watch a commercial and change the origin while knowing that the same product that I just changed the line of merchandise to top executive not appeal me but will to someone else who is a candidate for the product and will listen to the advertising and watch done it all. Advertising is known to be the business of i... ...e its mostly the chemical element of influence because subconsciously the consumer is shoved into a particular category automatically for instance, if a person b ought a limited edition loui Viton purse which usually pass by in the thousands and up while known very well as a top end brand of purse, it would be suggested they like the exclusivity it gives mutilate because, of the type the brand they chose and they probably like to be exclusive in other ways as well or not. In my eyeshot define is an extent, I think the extent is only when they apply it to themselves in the moment because, one day I can be clothing or using something high end luxurious and I might be looking cool, classy or excusive and the next I could be using or wearing the same type of product and divergent brand with less promises as the high end brand and be considered uncool or affordable by some people.

Mary Whiton Calkins Essay -- essays research papers

bloody shame Whiton Calkins was the first woman to be elected as president of the American Psychological Association in 1905. The majority of her adult vivification was dedicated to her work in the development of psychology of selves. She was very fiery about the relatively new world of psychology and was highly ready in the field of philosophy. bloody shame Whiton Calkins was not deterred in her ambitions because she was a woman, kind of she used her struggles to gain a voice and to speak out against the oppression of women during the 1920s. Born in 1863 to a Presbyterian minister and his wife, she grew up in a very tight-knit family as the oldest of five children. In 1880, the family moved to mammy where they settled and built a home. Marys father cute the best for his daughter, and designed and supervised Marys education until she gradational in 1882. Upon graduation, Mary attended Smith College with an advanced standing as a sophomore. In 1893, Marys sister passed away an d Mary dropped out of college for a season, taking her classes through private lessons at home. Mary returned to Smith College in 1884 as a senior and graduated with a concentration on philosophy and classics. In 1886, two years subsequently graduation from college, the Calkins family went to Europe for a holiday that lasted for sixteen months. Mary keep to expand her knowledge of the classics and upon returning to America, her father arranged an interview with the electric chair of...

Slaughterhouse-Five Essay: Three Themes of Slaughterhouse-Five

The Three Themes of Slaughterhouse- volt   Kurt Vonnegut did a great job in constitution an irresistible empathiseing legend in which nonpareil is not permitted to laugh, and yet still be a sad book without tears. Slaughterhouse-five was copyrighted in 1969 and is a book active the 1945 firebombing in Dresden which had killed 135,000 people. The main character is billy goat Pilgrim, a very youthful infantry scout who is captured in the Battle of the Bulge and quartered to a slaughter where he and other soldiers are held. The rest of the novel is more or less nightstick and his encounters with the contend, his wife, his life on earth, and on the planet Tralfamador.   There are 3 themes in the novel Slaughterhouse-Five, that stick in the readers mind as they read through this novel. Perhaps the most obvious theme in Slaughterhouse-Five, is the war and its contrast with love, beauty, humanity, innocence, etc. Vonnegut manages to tell the reader in Slaughterhouse-Five , that war is meritless for human kind and that it would be better for people to love one another. To find the wars contrast with love is quite difficult, because the book doesnt talk about any couple that was cruelly torn apart by the war. For example, Billy didnt seem to love his wife very much. Vonnegut expresses it very lightly and uses the intelligence information love very rarely. Yet when he does, he uses it effectively. He tries to manifestation for love and beauty in things that seemingly are neither amiable nor beautiful. For example, when Billy was captured by the group of Germans, he didnt see them as a cruel enemy, but as normal, innocent people   Billy looked up at the face that went with the clogs. It was the face of a blond angel, of a fifteen-year-old son. The boy was as beautiful as Eve (... ...e eyes of Tralfamadorians When a Tralfamadorian sees a corpse, all he thinks is that the dead person is in bad originator in the particular moment, but that the sa me person is just graceful in plenty of other moments. Now, when I myself hear that somebody is dead, I simply shrug and say what the Tralfamadorians say about dead people, which is So it goes, (Vonnegut, p.27).   so far with the contrast and the differences between these three themes, Vonnegut makes them all mesh in this novel. If Slaughterhouse- Five was the first novel the reader has ever read, they would appreciate this style of writing and black humor that Vonnegut portrays throughout Slaughterhouse- Five. It would make the reader wish that they would fuck off discovered him earlier and read his books long before now. Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Slaughterhouse-five. NewYork dell Publishing Co. 1969.

Cultural Differences :: essays research papers

I Know I Am moreover What Are You?Cultural Differences in The Tempest, Montaignes Essays, and In Defense of the Indians                     newspaper publisher 2The Tempest, In Defense of the Indians, and Montaignes essays each illustrate what happens when dickens very different worlds collide. As Europe begins to saturate New universe of discourse soil, the three authors offer their accounts of the dynamic between the European invader and intrinsic other. Though each work is unique in its details, they all cope a common bond Shakespeare, de Las Casas, and Montaigne show the reader how European colonialists character differences in appearance and language to justify theft and slavery.     The Tempests Caliban serves as an instrument to highlight the colonialist nonion of the other. Caliban is the original inhabitant of the island it is his infixed land. But Caliban is ugly. P rospero claims that he is "not honored with human shape" (p. 17), and so the new European inhabitants never think of him as a belike equal- they see him as their inferior. This initial incongruity between characters supports further dehumanization of the native for the remainder of the play.     Calibans appearance does not only take to the Europeans poor estimation of him, but it also serves as the justification of his slavery. When Trinculo says, " wilt disease metre tell a monstrous lie, being but half(prenominal) a fish and half a monster" (p. 55), he evanesces cardinal important concepts. First, Trinculo reinforces the idea that Caliban is more animal than man. Next, he assumes that Calibans out(prenominal) mirrors Calibans interior. Calibans physical deformities, according to Trinculo, also indicate taint of character. Together, these faults aid Prosperos justification of forcing Caliban to "serve in offices that profit us" (p. 18).     A second factor of Calibans oppression is language. The ability to communicate that ends mans isolation from others and leads to civilization. When Prospero discovers Caliban, the native has no knowledge of Europe, a good deal less its tongue. Miranda and Prospero take it upon themselves to educate Caliban in "civilized" language. Miranda says"I pitied thee, took pain to make thee speak, taught thee each hour one thing or other, When thou didst not, savage, know thine own meaning, but wouldst gabble, like a thing most brutish, I endowed thy purposes with words that made them known." (p. 20)Miranda believes that communication indicates that one is civilized. She does not for a moment consider that Calibans "gabble" was most likely his own language, the language he used to with Sycorax.

Potemkin :: essays research papers

Setting While originally filmed to commemorate the 1905 diversity in Russia, Potemkin was actually shown to rouse the masses against the Russian government.The film takes surface on three major settings. The battleship Potmekin serves as the first background knowledge where the revolution begins. The setting shifts to the Odessa Steps when the sailors arrive with Vakulinchuk s body. Here the Russian soldiers attempt to squelch the uprising by shooting and trampling the crowds which had pull together on the steps. The final scenes take place on the water. The Potemkin sails out(p) to watch the Russian ships, but the sailors eventually realize that the new(prenominal) soldiers had joined them in their revolt.Atmosphere The atmosphere of the film is dramatic and therefore easily holds the assistance of the viewer. Einstein effectively uses the element of suspense to involve the audience. At the incite of the film, the sailors were not very willing to cause any commotion or pro blems. However, once they were confronted with the possibility of being hanged and became fed up with eating stinking meat, they rallied around Vakulinchuk. The mood of the film changed several times. While the main newspaper publisher was rebellion against the Soviets, there were other emotions portrayed also. When Vakulinchuks body was brought ashore for viewing, there was overwhelming anger and sadness felt by umpteen in the crowds. After the people decided to revolt, they mood became much sparkle as they took food, coal, and water to the sailors. This joyous time was immediately brought to a concord when the Russian soldiers began marching down the Odessa Steps. Eisenstein again used suspense in these scenes by quickly flashing pictures of the mother with her baby carriage and the approaching soviet machine.Conflict The films major difference is between the revolting sailors and the Russian officers of the Potemkin. The Russian citizens also become abstruse in the confli ct once Vakulinchuks body is viewed. The conflict continues until the Potemkin sails out to meet the Russian fleet. The climax occurs when the two ships face each other in a suspenseful moment.

Phosphates :: essays research papers

PhosphatesPhosphates may be created by substituting nigh or all of the hydrogen of aphosphoric acid by metals. Depending on the number of hydrogen atoms that arereplaced, the resulting compound is described as a primary, secondary ortertiary orthophosphate. Primary and secondary phosphates manipulate hydrogen and areacid salts. Secondary and tertiary phosphates, with the exception of those ofsodium, potassium and ammonium are insoluble in water. Tertiary sodium phosphateis valuable as a detergent and water softener. The primary phosphates head for the hills to be more than soluble.Phosphates, which are an important component to metabolism in bothplants and animals, help in the first step in oxidisation of glucose in the body.Primary calcium phosphate is an ingre cave innt of plant fertilizer.Phosphates mother caused increasing attention recently. The focus is onthe environmentally harmful make in household detergents. Wastewater, fromlaundering agents, contains phosphates, which are said to be a water pollutant.Most laundry detergents contain approximately 35% to 75% sodiumtriphosphate (Na5P3O10), which serves two purposes. Providing an alkalinesolution (pH 9.0 to 10.5) is necessary for effective cleanup and also to tieup calcium and magnesium ions found in natural waters and prevent them frominterfering with the cleansing role of the detergent.Eutrophication is the progressive over-fertilization of water, in whichfestering masses of algaes blooms, choking rivers and lakes. Phosphoruscompounds act as a fertilizer for all plant life, whether free-floating algaeor more substantial rooted weeds, and are implicated in eutrophication. Manycountries suss out phosphate levels, whereas Switzerland has banned the use ofphosphates.The marine environment is both slender and more resistant than theterrestrial ecosystem. It is fragile for the reasons that nutrients aregenerally feed in very low concentrations, permanently consumed by livingorganisms and po llutants administer rapidly.Lakes and rivers are extremely complex ecosystems. Nutrients are takenup by both algae and rooted weeds. The weeds act as a shelter for fish larvaeand zooplankton, both of which eat algae and are, in turn, eaten by larger fish.Scientists have concluded that unpolluted lakes can absorb surprisingly largeamounts of phosphates without uncertainty. When a fertilizer, such as aphosphate, is added more algae will grow, and consequently will the populationsof zooplankton and fish. Difficulties only arise when the lake is already impure.Zooplankton are sensitive to their environment and many substances are toxic tothem. If any of these substances, including phosphates, are present thezooplankton population cannot increase. Adding phosphates to this pollutedsystem will case algae growth. The floating masses cut off the light supply.Weeds die and decompose using up dissolved oxygen, and causing sulfurous smells